In macroautophagy, intracellular components ( i.e proteins, mitochondria) are sequestered by a limiting double membrane to form an autophagic vacuole further fusing with lysosomes. Three different types of autophagy have been described: macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) and microautophagy. Schematic representation of the cellular autophagy lysosomal pathway. Microautophagy, the less characterizedĪutophagy subtype, refers to the process by which lysosomes directly sequester cytosolicĬomponents at their surface, by invagination of the lysosomal membrane.įigure 14. Their internalization mediated by Lamp-2a receptor.
Hsp70) through a particular amino acid motif and degraded by lysosomes after In CMA, specific cytosolic proteins are recognized by molecularĬhaperones (i.e. The fusion product or autolysosome, is finally dismantled These autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes or late endosome, providing the necessary Regions, through the formation of double-membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes. Autophagy isĬharacterized by a multi-step process involving the “bulk” degradation of entire cytosolic Pass through the proteasome barrel can be eliminated by autophagy. Of note, large proteins or protein aggregates unable to Proteins, protein aggregates or organelles such as mitochondria, and can be induced underĬellular stress such as starvation. UPS, macroautophagy is primarly involved in the degradation of long-lived stable intracellular Hydrolases at an acidic pH maintained through ATP-dependent proton pumps. Lysosomes are vesicles, whichĭegrade various cellular components including proteins and organelles through the action of ALP comprises three distinct autophagic pathways, differing in the way substrates areĭelivered to lysosomal lumen: macroautophagy (generally referred to as autophagy),Ĭhaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) and microautophagy (Figure 14).
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